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◎ 高二二班 張維貞
●沈君山先生小傳
 二十世紀台灣「四大才子」(連戰、錢復、陳履安、沈君山)
之一的沈君山先生，民國二十一年生，專業雖然是天文物理，但是從他的著作《尋津集》、《耕耘歲月》、《
浮生三記》、《浮生後記》
等看來，他的文章寫來有如天池之水，瑰麗清澈兼而有之。上蒼賜於沈君山先生者，尚不僅文章一端，他還是橋牌國手、圍棋業餘冠軍得主、物理博士、美國普渡大學教授、國立清華大學教授、理學院院長及校長。他本是一個打橋牌、下圍棋、不問政治的書生，轉為關心國家、同胞前途的知識份子，一九七0 年，日本人侵占釣魚台，引發了留美學生的「保釣運動」，這個運動改變了沈博士的人生。在台灣退出聯合國之際，他毅然辭去美國普渡大學的終身教職，回國出任清華大學理學院院長。
沈博士於一九九八年自清大校長的職位上退休，曾有傳媒界的朋友半開玩笑的問：「那你以後做什麼呢？」沈博士的回答是：「做我所能，愛我所做。」雖於一九九九年中風，但沈教授強韌的生命力與好友的陪伴與關懷，讓他重新挺起高挑的身影，再度熱情的投身於所關心的兩岸與族群等領域，繼續發光發熱。
●訪問記實
四月十六日早上，實中園地編輯小組一行三人如約於九點半抵達清華大學，我們懷著期待又有一點兒緊張的心情，按了沈先生宿舍的電鈴，也立即被高大熱忱的沈教授迎入客廳。映入眼簾的是兩幅掛在牆上的條幅，一是胡適先生所寫的「從今天開始，要怎麼收穫，先怎麼栽」；一是吳大猷先生題的「清不絕俗，貞不忤物」。接著，沈教授就在這樸實沉靜的客廳裡接受我和陳予範的聯合採訪，輪流回答我們所提出的問題。以下是當天的訪談內容：
您雖身體微恙，但仍以堅強的毅力，樂觀的態度進行復健，不向人生困境低頭，可說是大家的榜樣。請問您：目前以及未來是否有其他規畫呢？會繼續寫作嗎？
就像我書中說的：「做我所能，愛我所做。」現在我自己能夠做的，就是推廣圍棋和科普寫作。至於寫作方面，近期我會出第三本書，內容就是我的成長經歷。為什麼我沒有早些出這本書呢？因為我的成長環境是戰亂時期，跟你們這一代人有一些差距，所以怕你們不太能理解這樣的生活。不過，現在我想許多人生的問題應該還是差不多啦！所以準備把成長中的小故事一個一個寫出來；況且我有一個讀國二的孩子，我陪伴他一起成長，應該可以藉此了解一些你們年輕人的想法。我也繼續在參與辦科學營，一個是吳健雄科學營，一個是吳大猷科學營。
您在台海兩岸、美國都住過，請問您覺得最有感情的地方是哪裡？
當然是台灣！因為我在台灣住的最久。小時候住在大陸，所以有中國文化的底子。在大陸上待不久，高中時就離開大陸：但是文化精神還是延續下來。後來到台灣，1951年進台大，1955年從台大畢業，1957年去美國。那個時代出國是大多數讀理工科的人的出路。因為當時國內的工作環境很差，在美國，無論學術、生活水準都比台灣高不少，所以那個時候如果要進修，一定要出國。那時國內還沒有廣設研究所，清華第一個研究所是在1956年成立，我還做了第一任的清華研究所助教。
當時台灣只有一所大學，就是台灣大學；另有三個學院：師範學院，就是現在的師範大學；台中農學院，就是現在的中興大學；還有台南工學院，就是現在的成功大學。所以大學畢業學生一年也不過一、兩千個，其中有二分之一左右都出國唸書。在人文學科方面比較少人出國；但理工科出國的則較多，像我們班只有三個人沒有出國，其他人都出國了。
我在美國待了十七年，在這十七年當中，美國幫助我奠定了一些科學的訓練和理性
、開放的態度。我很喜歡重視個人隱私和自由的社會，在美國重視私人生活，而仍保有一定的規範、民主的精神。
從「浮生後記」書中，我們得知令公子現正就讀國中，您在書中也說到：在建構式數學的教學下，他還能保持健康活潑是很不容易的事。請問沈校長，您和孩子的相處方式是怎樣的？有沒有特意栽培他具備某一方面的專長？
其實我跟他的溝通並不算很頻繁。他在實驗小學讀了半年，後來因為他媽媽在台北做事才轉學到台北去的。他們週末假日有時會回來新竹，我就教兒子下圍棋；雖然他的棋藝並不是很好，但是我很看重這個過程，就像美國的父母常和小孩打棒球一樣，我們一起聊天、遊戲。我不像中國傳統父親，他們對孩子通常比較嚴苛。
我想最好就是和孩子在「玩」的過程當中，既建立感情，又把一些做人的道理教給孩子，像是「勝利不能驕傲，失敗也不必灰心」、「冷靜處事」等，讓他藉著遊戲一步步學習。但是比起許多父母來說，我還是自愧不如，有一部份也是健康的限制。其實我很佩服也是清大同事的李家維教授，他是一個成功父親的典範，大兒子李勁葦已經是「
名學生」，最近上了報，小兒子李飛葦就在實中，你們可以去訪問李教授。
請問您書中所謂「追二兔不得一兔」有什麼特別的意思？
剛開始做一件事情的時候，只能專精於一；這就像在追逐一隻兔子，等到追到了那隻兔子，再去做各方嚐試。但目前有一些人的教育方式也是太過狹隘了，應該要試著保持平衡。
下圍棋也是這樣；一個人輸，另一個人就贏，總不可能雙方都勝；做專業事情的時候，一開始要專注於一方面，才能繼續生存；如果追兩隻兔子，一開始一定要先放棄一隻。但是等到慢慢熟練、適應以後，就要開闊自己的眼界，多方試驗，才不會過分禁錮了自己的思想。
現在台灣比較注重課業方面的成績，即使是運動員也要鑽研很多書籍；但是像美國的學生，如果要從事運動方面的工作，就可以完全投注心力在運動上，不知沈校長對此有什麼看法？
我想「職業」和「業餘」之間，應該要劃分的很清楚。一個人一定要有一些業餘的嗜好；尤其是在二十一世紀，青壯年時期你們是處於一個競爭激烈的環境，需要有潤滑油來調節。我常常舉這個例子：開車上高速公路，汽油讓你的車子跑得快，機油讓你的車子跑得平穩。你在開長途時，汽車不僅要要跑得快，也要跑得平穩。所以我覺得專業方面的技術要跑得快，但是必須要有調劑，這個調劑就是自己的嗜好，無論是藝術、繪畫、音樂、下棋、運動都是如此。而這一部分你就不需要花太多力氣，不過你要能得到一種滿足。
NBA職籃的運動員是專業的，所以他們都打得很辛苦；因此你們要在職業、業餘二者之中做選擇；尤其在台灣的環境中，如果把運動當做一種謀生的職業，就會非常辛苦
。
現代青年大多以科學為安身的方向，可否請您談談在人文或政治方面，青年應該採何種態度來面對？
即使你不是主修人文學科，也一定要有人文方面的修養。專攻人文學科，畢業後要靠這維生，確實比讀理工科的人要困難辛苦一點；但是你要做一個人，除了要活下去之外，還要有思考、了解週遭環境的能力。所以人文，或是所謂「通識教育」，對做一個完整的「人」來說是非常重要的。
反過來說，讀物理、化學、數學，你不一定將來就要從事這方面的工作，但是這也是一種訓練；這種訓練讓你學會使用科學的方法去思考問題。
像清大現在有一個「科技法律研究所」，就是以科學為基礎，應用到很廣的層面。所以說，科學除了可以做為一技之長外，也可以從中學習邏輯思考的方法。
可否請沈校長講一些幼年的回憶？
我就先講一個有關小時候追求科學知識的回憶：我父母親都是科學家，而我小時候很頑皮，有一天我看到母親面前有兩個杯子，她把杯裡的熱水倒過來、又倒過去，然後水就漸漸涼了。我就問媽媽：您為什麼把熱水倒來倒去，然後水就涼了呢？媽媽就說：因為用兩個杯子，水的散熱面較多。後來我就去問爸爸，爸爸卻說：因為倒水的時候經過一段空氣，所以水慢慢就涼了。我去跟媽媽講爸爸的理論，媽媽當時在做別的事情，很性急的就說「爸爸胡說」；然後我又去跟爸爸講，爸爸也說「媽媽胡說」；他們兩個人就這樣大吵了一架。
還有一個是我小時侯「愚公移山」的小故事。當時讀書知道「地球是圓的」，老師跟我們說：「如果從這裡打一條直線過去，對面就是美國了。」那時候覺得美國是一個好遙遠的地方，所以我想：「如果每天挖三呎，差不多六十歲就到美國了。」於是，我就在我們家後院開挖；後來越挖越深，突然跌坐在裡面，一身泥漿，再也挖不下去了，那時已挖了六呎深呢。
請問您是如何開始接觸圍棋與橋牌的？
我來台灣的第一年沒考上台大，那時候，倒學會了兩件本領：一是打架，一是棋橋。有一天下午，我和朋友們都聚到一間茶館打架，而那間茶館裡面就是下棋和打橋牌的地方。後來我就常常去那間茶館，慢慢也學會了下棋和打橋牌。或許是因為有興趣，我學得很快。現在我年紀較大，比較不會出門和別人打牌下棋，就在家裡上網和別人對弈了。
請問沈校長，就胡適和徐志摩兩位先生，您覺得比較贊同或欣賞哪一位先生對感情的處理方式？
那當然是胡適先生。這兩位對感情方面有截然不同的處理方法。一個人不可能完全依照胡適的生活態度，也不可能完全依照徐志摩的。胡適先生談過很多次戀愛，但都只是淡淡的愛，從來沒有熱情如火的；他一輩子只有一位太太，因為他認為「不可以把自己的快樂建築在別人的痛苦上」。而徐志摩則是一個非常真誠的人，他像火花一樣；所以徐志摩有許多轟轟烈烈的愛情，可是他始終沒有安定下來。
每個人的性格不一樣，我是比較欣賞胡適對愛情的態度，而且我的個性跟他比較相像，這或許跟我所受的教育以及生活環境很有關係。
您送給清大人文學院的條幅：「制天而用之 孰與和天而共榮之」似乎很能為二十一世紀科技發展所遭遇到的瓶頸找到出路。是否請您談談當時的感觸？
「制天而用之」是荀子的一句話，胡適先生常常引用來提倡科技。在科技時代開始時，他們大聲疾呼的是：尊重天而順從祂，不如去制天而用之，讓「天」來為人類服務
。但這種發展到了極致以後，必須要平衡。現在是人用天用得太多了，因此才產生了環保的問題、臭氧層的問題。這些問題的解決方法，就是：如果科技能力越發達，你就越要節制；若科技不發達的話，那拚命去使用「天」則是當務之急。
那現在可說是「竭澤而漁」啦！當使用粗大的漁網時，拚命去撈魚也沒有關係，因為小魚苗都會從粗網縫隙中跑掉；但是當漁網做得越來越精良、越來越細密的時候，假若你還不停去撈魚的話，魚就沒有了，連魚苗都被你撈光了。
所以我就把胡適先生引用的句子「制天而用之」，改成「和天而共榮之」。我想我所有的思想，都是以「和」與「共榮」為目的，不論是大圈子、小圈子、或政治方面都是一樣的。
編者按：「潦水盡而寒潭清」，出自王勃「滕王閣序」。沈教授於其書中引用此句描述其中風後的感悟與心境，謂：「上天賦我不薄，人間繁華江上明月，都只是適度的，融會進來成為一生的愉悅。但畢竟還是伴著潦水，若不得病，寒潭清的境界，今生是否能得，頗不可知。」(浮生後記 p. 232) 遂以之為題。
A Master in all Fields:
Dr. Shen Chun-Shan”
◎by 11B Evan Chen
 A major figure of the twenty-first century, Dr. Shen Chun-Shan is one of the most renowned scholars in Taiwan. Furthermore, he is also a famous author and a proficient Bridge and Go player. He received a Doctoral Degree in Physics at University of Maryland and was a prominent professor at Purdue University. When Dr. Shen returned to Taiwan in 1973, he became a major administrator at Tsinghua and later contributed largely in the fields of education and politics.
Dr. Shen is a rather amiable man. Although he has achieved so much, he is not at all arrogant; though he has suffered two strokes, he is not pessimistic. When our interview team first arrived at his house on April 16, 2004, he was still eating breakfast. He asked us to wait for a few minutes for him to finish up. A few minutes later, we walked in to his house, and the first word he said was, "Sorry." Somehow, I was surprised. I didn't expect a man of great status to apologize to a couple of high school students. Somehow, that particular word made me respect him even more than before. As our interview began, I noticed he was always smiling. I was glad he was smiling, for it was his cheerful countenance that helped relax the initial tension and nervousness of the interview.
From this conversation, I learned about the life of an incredible man. I learned about the things he likes to do, his thoughts, and his philosophies. Most importantly, I learned about his attitude toward life. He believes that one should focus on a goal and try diligently to achieve it. Dr. Shen is a man who is willing to share everything he knows and, at the same time, willing to try and discover new things. Though he is in his seventies already, he still believes he should make good use of his remaining time in the world to contribute to society. He always wants to "do what's possible and love what's feasible."
The following is the interview of Dr. Shen Chun-Shan who has learned to live and love life the way it is.
After experiencing two strokes, what are your future plans in life?
As I have strongly stressed in my books, I believe I should "do what I can do and love what I am doing." Before I suffered from the two strokes, I tried to promote science through organizing science camps and various scientific activities. However, because I am not in the best physical condition now, I plan to write another book on the highlights of my childhood life.
Since you've lived in China, the United States, and Taiwan, can you tell us your opinion on each country? Which one do you like the most? Why?
Of course, I like Taiwan the most, because I've stayed here for the longest period of time. However, I received my cultural roots from China. I went and stayed there for the first seventeen years of my life. In 1957, I went to America because the graduate program there was better than that of Taiwan's. At the time, there was only one graduate program in Taiwan (at National Tsinghua University), and that had just been started one year earlier (1956).
How and what do you plan to teach to your 8th grade son?
Because we are almost two generations apart, I do not have much understanding about some of his views about life and the general perspective nowadays. However, I still like to interact with him. I like to play Go with him. Through this game, I hope to teach him composure, sportsmanship, and other profound concepts in life. I try to be his friend. Though I think pressure is beneficial to a certain extent, I find kids nowadays suffering from too much pressure from schoolwork. I find myself trying to help him relieve stress more often now. How did you first gain interest in Weichi/ Go and Bridge?
Since I did not get accepted into National Taiwan University in 1950, I had nothing to do for an entire year. In that year, I often caused trouble and got into many fights around a teahouse. Slowly, I got to know many people at the teahouse. There was a room in the back of the teahouse for people to play Bridge and Go. Because I was interested in these games, I learned quickly, and it did not take much time for me to rise to the top. I wish people can understand from my own experience the importance of time usage. Time should not be wasted and should be used to the fullest.
What were your high school years like? Were you a diligent person, as a child?
I was not a very hardworking person in high school. However, I wasn't hardworking because I was constantly "running around," to avoid the Japanese and the Communists. During my high school years, I "ran" to many places in China. Because of the different dialects and accents, I had a hard time learning the vernacular and making new friends. When I was a junior in high school, I came back to Taiwan and was finally able to settle down.
What are some of your most vivid childhood memories?
I remember once watching my mother constantly pouring a cup of hot water from one cup to another. I asked her why she kept on doing that. She said the water could be cooled down because the cups were cooler than the water. Still curious about her response, I then went to ask my father. He told me that it was the atmosphere that caused the water to cool down. I told my father what my mother said, and he said she was wrong. I then went to tell my mother what my father said, and she disagreed. They then got into a fight that night.
 I also remember in my Earth Science class learning about America being a straight line under us. After acquiring this knowledge, I went home and started digging a hole in the backyard every day. I calculated that by the age of sixty, I would be able to reach America. However, because the hole became so deep after a few days, I fell into it and hurt myself. My parents forced me to stop digging and told me that my plan was frivolous. As a child, I had many questions and always tried to have them answered.
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