²Ä¤Q¤@¨÷²Ä¤C´Á  ¤¤µØ¥Á°ê¤E¤Q¤­¦~ ¤Q¤G¤ë¤Q¤­¤é   December  2006

¡@
¦b¦aÀô«O«æ¥ý¾W ¡VÅU§·¦ö¦Ñ®v (Max Gufler) ±M³X
¡@
¡@

¡@

±Ä³X¡G12A³¢¥©·¬¡BªLªà¥c

¡@

²¤¶

°êÄy

¶ø¦a§Q¤H¡A®È¥x¶W¹L¥|¤À¤§¤@¥@¬ö¡A¤w»â¦³¥~¹´¥Ã¤[©~¯dÃÒ

¾Ç¾ú

¼}¥§¶Â¤j¾Ç¾Ç¤h

¦]´µ¥¬¾|§J¤j¾Ç¤ß²z¾Ç¤Î­õ¾ÇºÓ¤h

¸g¾ú

¤¤¤åÁ¿®v¡G¼w°ê¼}¥§¶Â¤j¾Ç¡Bºû¤]¯Ç¤j¾Ç¤¤¤åÁ¿®v

¥~»yÁ¿®v¡G²MµØ¤j¾Ç¡B¥æ³q¤j¾Ç¡B¤¤¿³¤j¾Ç¡B¦¨¥\¤j¾Ç¡B»²¤¯¤j¾Ç¡B·s¦Ë±Ð¨|¤j¾Ç¡B©ú·s§Þ³N¾Ç°|

»y¨¥

«X»y¡B©Ô¤B»y¡B¥j¦èþ»y¡B¼w»y¡Bªk»y¡B­^»y¡BµØ»y¡B¦è¯Z¤ú»y

·¤¤l

¤µ¦~¤Q¤@¤ë¤Q¤é¤U¤È¡A¤Q¤K¦y¤sªº¤s·¾¸Ì¡Aµo²{¤F¤@¤j¤ù¶É­Ëªº¦Ãªd¡C¤Q¤@¤ë¤Q¤@¤é¡AÅU§·¦ö¦Ñ®v´N¦¬¨ì¤F³o¼Ëªº¤@«Êe-mail¡G¡u¥H©¹¥u­n¤U¤j«B¡A¤s¤U¤ô·½µó¦]±Æ¤ô·¾²J¿n¡C¤ô±w¤£Â_¡C¥Á¦v®û¤ô¡C¸ô°ò¨R·´¡C[·s¦Ë]¥«¬F©²¦b¦~ªì¤~¤j¤O·m­×±Æ¤ô¨t²Î¡A¹w¨¾¤ô±w¡C¨S·Q¨ì³ºµM¦b¤s·¾ªº·½ÀY¤S¦³¤H¥Î³oºØ¤è¦¡³B²z¦Ãªd!§Ú¬Ý¨ì¼çÂ꺦M¾÷¡K¡v¡C¸U¯ëµL©`¤§¤U¡A±H«HªÌ¥u¦n§â°T®§¶Çµ¹ÅU§·¦ö¦Ñ®v¡A¦]¬°¥Lª¾¹D¡A³o¦ì¨Ó¥x¤G¤Q¤K¦~¡A¤w»â¦³¤¤µØ¥Á°êªº¥~¹´¥Ã¤[©~¯dÃÒ¡A¤ñ¦b¦a¤HÁÙÃö¤ß¦b¦aÀô¹Òªº¡u¶ø¦a§QÄy¥xÆW¤H¡v¡A¹ïÀô«O°ÝÃD¤@¦V«æ¤½¦n¸q¡B¶ú´c¦p¤³¡Aµ´¹ï·|°l¨s¨ì©³¡C³o´N¬O·s¦Ë¥«ªº¡uÀô«O«æ¥ý¾W¡vÅU§·¦ö¦Ñ®v¡C

±z·íªì¬O¬°¦ó¨ì¥xÆW¡H

¡u§Ú¦b¶ø¦a§Q­ìÄݯ«Â¾¡A·í®É¶Ç±Ð°Ï¦b¤¤°ê¤j³°¡A¡iª½¨ì1951¦~¡j¤§«á³\¦h¶Ç±Ð¤h¤~¨ì¥xÆW¡C¡vÅU¦Ñ®v¦^¾ÐµÛ¡A¡u·í®É¦PÄݯ«Â¾ªº¥t¤@¦ì¯«¤÷¦³¤@¥»­C¾|¤j¾Ç±Ð¤¤¤åªº±Ð¬ì®Ñ¡A¥L¦V§Ú¸ÑÄÀ¤¤¤å¡y®a¡z³o­Ó¦r¬O¥Ñ¡y«Îò¤Uªº¤@°¦½Þ¡zºc¦¨ªº¡A³o¼Ëªº¦³·N«äªº¤å¦r¤Þ°_¤F§Úªº¿³½ì¡A©ó¬O¨M©w­n¨ì¥xÆW¨Ó¡C¡v´X¸gªi§é¡A1967¦~ÅU¦Ñ®v¤~¯u¥¿¦pÄ@¥HÀvªº½ñ¤W¥xÆWªº¤g¦a¡C

±z¬°¤°»ò³o»ò¼ö¤ßÀô«O¡H

¡u§Ú¯uªº»¡¤£¤W¨Ó¡I©Î³\§Úªº¤Ñ©Ê´N¬O¦p¦¹§a¡C§Ú³ß·R¾\Ū¡A²MµØ¡B¥æ¤j¤Î·s¦Ë®v°|ªº¹Ï®ÑÀ]¬O§Ú®ø¿i®É¥úªº¦a¤è¡C¦]¬°Åª±o¦h¡AÃD§÷¤S¼sªx¡A¦]¦¹¹ï©ó¥@¬É¦U¦a²{ªp³£¯à¦³©Ò´x±±¡C§Ú²`¤ÁÅ鮩¦pªG§Ú­Ì¦A¤£§ïÅܧڭ̪º¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡¡A¥@¬É¥u¦³¦V¤U¨I²_¡C§Ú´¿¸g¬O­Ó¶Ç±Ð¤h¡A·íªì¨Ó¥x¬O¬°¤F«Å´­¤H¡yÀ³¸Ó·R¯«¡zªº¦®·N¡A¦ý²{¦b§Ú§ó±j½Õ¤H¡yÀ³¸Ó·RÀô¹Ò¡B·R¦ÛµM¡B·R¸Uª«¡zªº«H©À¡C¡v¤£¦A¶Ç±Ð¦ÓÂà¦Ó«Å´­Àô«O¡AÅU¦Ñ®v»¡¬O¦]¬°¿Ë²´¬Ý¨ìÀô¹Ò¦¾¬V°ÝÃD¤é¯qÄY­«¡A¦ÓÅý¥L§ïÅܦۨ­ªº«H©À¡A¨M¤ßÂ÷¶}¯«Â¾¡A¬°²´«e³o­Ó¥@¬ÉºÉ¤@¥÷¤ß¤O¡C ·íªì©Ò´¿¸gŪ¨ìªº¦UºØÀô¹Ò¦Ã¬V¡]ªÅ®ð¡B¤ô¡B¤gÄ[¡^¡A¦b¥xÆW³£µo¥Í¤F¡A¤]Åý¥L¬Ý¨£²{¥N¤å©úµo®iªº¤@­Ó­t­±¼vÅTªº¨ÒÃÒ¡CÅU¦Ñ®v¨Ó¦Û¶ø¦a§Q¡A¤£¥i¿Ð¨¥¡A¦]¬°·í¦aªºÀô«O·NÃѤñ¸û±j¡A¦]¦¹¦Ã¬V¸û¤£ÄY­«¡C¦]¦¹¥L¶}ª±¯ºªº»¡¡G¡uªB¤ÍÀ¸ºÙ¡A§Ú»Ý­n¥xÆW¡A¦]¬°¦pªG§Ú¯d¦b¶ø¦a§Q¡A¤j·§´N¨S¦³¤°»ò¦n¾Ä°«ª§¨úªº¤F¡C¡v

±z³ß·R¾\Ū¡CŪ¨ìªº¸ê°T¡A±z³£¬Û«H¶Ü¡H

§ÚŪ±o«Ü¼s¡A°w¹ï¨C¤@­ÓijÃD¡A§Ú¦h¤è¾\Ū¡A»`¶°¤£¦P±M®a¤£¦P¬ã¨sªºÆ[ÂI¡A§ä¥X¦UºØ¤£¦P¸ê°Tªº¦@ÃÑ¡A¤~°µ¥X¦Û¤vªºµ²½×¡C

±z¿ï¾Ü¯À­¹ªº­ì¦]¬O¬°Àô«O¡H

¡u§Ú¦Y¯À¨Ã¤£³æ¬°°·±d¡A§ó¬°Àô«O¡C¾i´Þ°Êª«¹ïÀô¹Ò¨ä¹ê¬O¬Û·í¤jªº¦¾¬V¡C¤@ÀY¤û©Ò¥Î±¼ªº¤ô¬ùµ¥©ó¤@¿´­xÄ¥ªº±Æ¤ô¶q¡A¦Ó¨ä±Æªnª«©Ò¹ï¤gÄ[ªÅ®ð¤ôªº¦¾¬V§ó¬OÄY­«¡C§A¥X°ê®È¹C®É¸g±`¬°¨ìÂŤѺñ³¥¡B¤û¦Ï§CÀY¦Y¯óªº¬ü¦n´º¶H©Ò³³¾K¡A¨ä¹ê¦pªG§A¦b¬î¤Ñ®É¨ì¶m§ø¥h¡AªÅ®ð¤¤À±º©ªº¬O¯ä¨ý¡C¤û¦Ïµ¥°Êª«ªº±Æªnª«³Q¬I¦b¤gÄ[¸Ì§@¤ÑµMªº´áªÎ¡A¥H¨Ï¨äªÎ¨U¹¡©M¨Ñ¨Ó¦~·s§@ª«ªºÀç¾i¡C³o¹ï¶¼¤ô¡B¹ï¤gÄ[¡B¹ïÀô¹Ò³£¬O«Ü¤jªº­t¾á¡C©Ò¥H³o¬O§Ú¦¨¬°¯À­¹ªÌªº¥t¤@­Ó¥D¦]¡G°Êª«¾i´Þ¹ïÀô¹Ò³y¦¨ªº¦¾¬V¤ÓÄY­«¡C¯Ã¦èÄõ¬F©²´¿­pµe©ó¥h¦~¹ïªª³õ·~ªÌ¼x¦¬ªÅ®ð¦Ã¬Vµ|¡A¦]¬°¦Ï¸s©Ò±Æªn¤§ªh®ðÄY­«¦Ã¬V¤FªÅ®ð¡C«á¨Ó¦]¬°ªª³õ·~ªÌ§Üij¡A¥Ø«e¤£ª¾¬O§_¦p´Á¼x¦¬¡A¦ýªí¥Ü°Êª«¾i´Þ¹ïÀô¹Ò³y¦¨ªº¦¾¬V¤w¨ì¤F¯Ã¦èÄõ¬F©²Ä±±o¥²¶·¥¿µøªº¦a¨B¤F¡C¦]¦¹§Ú·¥¤O¥D±i¤£¦Y°Êª«­¹«~©Î¨Ï¥Î°Êª«²£«~¡A²Ä¤@­Ó­ì¦]§Y¬OÀô«O¡C¡u¯f±q¤f¤J¡AÀô«O±q¦Y¶}©l¡v¬O§Úªº¤f¸¹¡C¯À­¹¤£·|¼vÅT§Aªº°·±d¡A¥u·|Åý§A§ó°·±d¡A§ó§Ö¼Ö¡C¡v½G°ªªºÅU¦Ñ®v¡A¬Ý¨Óºë¤O¥R¨K¡A»¡°_¸Ü¨Ó¤¤®ð¤Q¨¬¡A¯ºÁn²n®Ô¡A¬O¯À­¹ªÌ°·±dªº³Ì¨Î¨£ÃÒ¡C

±z·|»¡³o»ò¦h»y¨¥¡A¦n³B¬O¤°»ò¡H³ÌÃø¾Çªº»y¨¥¤S¬O­þ¤@­Ó©O¡H

¡u»y¨¥¬O¤Jªù¿j¡C ¨ì¥ô¤@­Ó¦a¤è¡A¦pªG§A¥i¥H»¡·í¦aªº»y¨¥¡A§Y¨Ï¥u¬O²³æ¹ï¸Ü¡A§Aªº¸gÅç´N·|Â×´I±o¦h¡C§A¥i¥H¯u¥¿±µÄ²·í¦a¤H¡A»P¥L­Ì·¾³q¡C¦b¼Ú¬w°ê®a¡A¥uÀ´­^»y¨ä¹ê¤£¤Ó°÷¡A§A¤j·§¥u¯à»P°ª¤¤¾Ç¥Í¹ï¸Ü¦Ó¤w¡A»P¤@¯ë¦Ñ¦Ê©m«h¤£®e©ö·¾³q¡C¡v ÅU¦Ñ®vÁ¿°_¤@­Ó¦b²ö´µ¬ìªº¦³½ì¸gÅç¡G¡u«X°ê¤H¹ï¥~¦a¤H¤Q¤ÀµL§¡A¯S§O¬O·í§A¤£·|Á¿·í¦a»y¨¥ªº®É­Ô¡C¡v¦³¤@¤Ñ¥L»PªB¤Í¨B¦æ¥h¶R¤@±øÄÑ¥]¡Aµ²ªGµL§ªº©±­û¤£¥[¥]¸Ë¡A¦¬¤F¿ú´N¤£¨£¤H¼v¡A§â¥L­Ì»P¨º¤@¶ôÄÑ¥]¤@°_¥á¦bÂdÂi¡CÅU¦Ñ®vµL­p¥i¬I¡A¥u¦n±´¨­¨ìÂdÂi«á§ì¤@±i¯È¦Û¤v¨Ó¥]¡Aµ²ªG³o®É©±­û©¿µM¤S«_¥X¨Ó¡A¤j½|¥L¤£¸ÓÀH«K®³¯È¡C¡u«Ü©úÅ㪺¡A¦b«X°ê¥ô¦ó¤@­Ó¦a¤è¡A¦pªG§A¥´¶}·í¦aªº±Ð¬ì®Ñ¡A³Ì«áÀ³¸Ó³£¦³¤@³¹¡A±Ð¤H¡y¦p¦ó¹ï½|¡z¡C¡v¦Ó¥t¤@¦¸¡A¦b«e©¹¬õ³õ¡]Red Square¡^ªº³~¤¤°g¸ô¡A°Ý¸ô®É¸I¨ìªº¦Ñ¤H¡A¦]µÛÅU¦Ñ®vÁöºâ¼w°ê¤H«o¯à»¡«X»y¡A¦Ó§i¶D¥L¤@¯ë¥Á²³¹ï¼w°ê¤H°£¤F§Æ¯S°Çµ¹¤HªºÅ]¤ý¦L¶H¤§¥~¡A¨ä¹êÁÙ¬O»{¬°¼w°ê¤´¦³³\¦h¦n¤Hªº·ÅÄɹï¸Ü¡CÅU¦Ñ®v¯ºµÛ»¡¡A¨ì¤@­Ó­¯¥ÍªºÀô¹Ò¡A¦Ó¯à¥Î·í¦a»y¨¥»P¤H¥æ½Í¡A¸gÅç´N¯uªº·|§¹¥þ¤£¤@¼Ë¡C¦Ü©ó³ÌÃø¾Çªº»y¨¥¡A¨ä¹ê¡u­n°¨°¨ªêªêªº¾Ç¡A¨ä¹ê¤°»ò»y¨¥³£¤£Ãø¡A¦ý­n¾Ç¨ì¦n¡A«h³£¤£®e©ö¡C¡v¦ý­Y±q»y¨¥¥»¨­¨Ó¬Ý¡AÅU¦Ñ®v©Òª¾ªº»y¨¥·í¤¤¡A­^¤åªº¦r·J³Ì¦h¡]¬ù¤K¤Q¸U¦r¡Aªk¤å¡B¼w¤å«h¥u¦³¥|¡B¤­¤Q¸U¦r¡^¡A«X¤åªºµo­µ¤Î¤åªk³ÌÃøÀ´¡Aªk¤å¡B¼w¤å¡B¦è¯Z¤ú¤å«h®t¤£¦h¡C

±z´¿¸g´X«×Â÷¶}¥xÆW¡A¬°¦ó¤@¦A¦^¨Ó¡H

¡u³o­Ó°ÝÃD¡A§Ú´X¥G¨C¶g¦^µª¤@¦¸¡C¡vÅU¦Ñ®v¯º±o´r§Ö¡A¡u§Ú¬°¤°»òÂ÷¤£¶}¥xÆW¡H¡v²¤§@¨I§u¡AÅU¦Ñ®v»{¬°¥H¤U´X­Ó­ì¦]¨¬¥H»¡©ú¥Lªº¤ß±¡¡G¡u²Ä¤@¡A³o¸Ìªº¤Ñ®ð«Ü©y¤H¡C¡v¤£³ßÅw¥V¤ÑªºÅU¦Ñ®v¡Aı±o¥xÆWªº®ð­Ô«Ü¾A¦X¦o¡A¦í°_¨Ó«ÜµÎ¾A¡C¡u²Ä¤G­Ó­ì¦]À³¸Ó¬O¡y¤H­Ì¦n¾Ç¤W¶iªººë¯«¡z¡C¡vÅU¦Ñ®v»y±a¨ØªA»PªY½à¡C¡u¥Ø«e§Ú¦Û¤v¤´¨C¶g½Ð¦Ñ®v¥[±j§Úªº¦è¯Z¤ú¤å¡F¦Ó¸ò§Ú¾Ç²ß­^¤åªº¾Ç¥Í¤¤¡A¦³³\¦h¬O¤W¤F¤@­Ó¬P´Á¯Zªº¨¯­Wªº¤uµ{®v¡A¦b¬P´Á¤Ñ¦­¤WÁ٨Ӿǭ^¤å¡F¬Ý¨ì³o¼Ëªº¦n¾Çºë¯«Åý§Ú«Ü¶}¤ß¡A¦b¶ø¦a§Q§A¨£¤£¨ì³o»ò¦n¾Ç¤W¶iªº¤H¡C§Ú¦Û¤v³ßÅw¾Ç²ß¡A¦Ó¦b¥xÆW§Úªº¶g¾D¦³³o»ò¦h³ßÅw¾Ç²ßªº¤H¡A³o­ÓÀô¹Ò¤Ó§¹¬ü¤F¡C¡vÅU¦Ñ®v¦³¦ì¦b²MµØ¤j¾Ç±Ð®Ñªº¤Í¤H¡A¦b¥ð°²¨º¤@¦~¨ì¿D¬w¥h±Ð®Ñ¡C¦^¨Ó¤§«á¥¢±æªº»¡¡A¡u¨º¨àªº°ª¤¤¥Í¡A20­Ó¸Ì¥u¦³1­Ó·Q¥h¤j¾Ç²`³y¡A¨ä¥Lªº¤H¤ñ¸û·Q¥h®üÃ䪱¼Ö¡C¡v¬Û¸û©ó¥xÆW¡A´X¥G¨C¤@­Ó°ª¤¤¥Í³£·Q¤W¤j¾Ç¡A³o¼Ë¤W¶iªººë¯«¡AÅýÅU¦Ñ®v¤Q¤À·P°Ê¡C¥L²`²`ı±o¡A³o¸Ìªº¤H­Ì«D±`»{¯u°µ¨Æ¡F¤]³\¦³®É¬Æ¦Ü¤Ó¨¯­W¡A¦ý¬O¦³³o¤@ªÑ°Ê¤O¦b¡A¤H­Ì´N·|¤£Â_ªº·Q¿ìªk°µ¨Æ¡A³o­Ó¦a¤è´N·|¤£Â_ªº¶i¨B¡C¡u²Ä¤T­Ó­ì¦]¬O¡A³o¸Ìªº¤H­Ì«D±`¤Íµ½¡C©Î³\¤Ó¤Íµ½¤F¡A¡vÅU¦Ñ®v¥b¶}ª±¯ºªº»¡¡A¡u¦b·ç¤h¤j¨ÏÀ]°µ¨Æªº¤@¦ìªB¤Í´¿¸g»¡¡y¥xÆW¤H¬O¥þ¥@¬É³Ì¤Íµ½ªº¡z¡C §Ú©M¨ä¥L¥~°ê¤Í¤H­Ì¤]»á¦³¦P·P¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A§Ú±`ı±o¥xÆW¤H¬Æ¦Ü©ó¹ï§Ú­Ì¡y¹L«×¡z¤Íµ½¡A¦]¬°¥L­Ì¹ï¥»¦a¤H¤Ï¦Ó±`±`¤£¦p¹ï¦Ñ¥~¤Íµ½¡A³o¼Ë´N¤£¤Ó¦n¤F¡A§Ú¯uı±o¥L­ÌÀ³¸Ó¹ï¨C¤@­Ó¤H³£¤Íµ½¤~¹ï¡C¦ý¾ãÅé¦Ó¨¥¡A¦¹¦aªº¤H­Ì¤Q¤À¤Íµ½¦Ó¦³­@¤ß¡A¦Ó¦pªG§A¬O­Ó»{¯u°µ¨Æªº¤H¡A¥L­Ì§ó·|´L­«§A¡A³o¦b§Oªº°ê®a¬OÅé·|¤£¨ìªº¡C¦]¦¹¡A¡i¦bÀô«OijÃD¤W¡j¡A§Ú«K±`§Q¥Î§Ú¬O¦Ñ¥~ªºÀu¶Õ¨Ó¡y¥s§O¤H¦Y¯À¡zµ¥µ¥¡A¦]¬°¤H­Ì·|ª`·NÅ¥§Ú»¡¡A¦Ó¥B·í¤@¦^¨Æ¡C¡vÂ÷¤£¶}¥xÆW¡A¯S§O¬O·s¦Ë¡AÁÙ¦³¤@­Ó«Ü­«­nªº­ì¦]¬O¦b¦aªºÂ×´I¹Ï®Ñ¸ê·½¡C²MµØ¡B¥æ¤jªº¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªºÂ×´IÂîѥH¤Î´Á¥Z¡A¬OÅU¦Ñ®v¾\Ū¸ê®Æªº¨Ó·½¡C¡u¹ï§Ú³o¼Ë¤@­Ó®ÑÂΦӨ¥¡A³o¬OµL¤ñªº§l¤Þ¤O¡A´N¦p¦P¦b¦Û®a«á°|¾Ö¦³¨â®y¤@¬yªºª¾ÃÑÄ_®w¤@¯ë¡C¡v¦Ó§ó­«­nªº¬O¡A³o»òÂ×´IªºÀ]ÂáA¶}©ñ®É¶¡¤Sªø¡A§Y¨Ï¬P´Á¤Ñ³£ÁÙ¶}©ñ¨ì±ß¤W¤Q¤@®É¡A³o¬O¥~¦a§ä¤£¨ìªºªº¡C©Ò¥H´X«×Â÷¶}ªºÅU¦Ñ®v¡A·|¦b¥~¦a·Q©À¥xÆW¨ì±¼²\ªºµ{«×¡A¦Ó²×¤S´£¤F¦æÅn¦A¦^¨Ó¡A´N¬O¹ï¤H»PÀô¹Ò³£¤w¦³¤FµLªk³Î±Ëªº·P±¡¡C

±z·Qµ¹°ê¡B°ª¤¤¥Í¤°»òÀô«O«Øij¡H

°ª¤¤¥ÍÁöµM¦~¬öÁÙ»´¡A­Ó¤H¤§¤O©|µLªk§ïÅܤjÀô¹Ò¤§ÄY­«¦Ã¬V²{ª¬¡A¦ýÅU¦Ñ®v¤´»{¬°¦³¨ÇÀô«O¥i¥H±q¤p¦a¤è°µ°_¡G¡u­º¥ý¬O¸`¬ù¯à·½¡A±q±Ð«Ç¶}©l¡A¸`¬ù¯à·½¬O²Ä¤@¨B¡CÃö¿O¡BÃö¹q®°¡A§N®ðÀH¤â¥i°µ¡A¦ý¥H§Ú¦b²M¤j¥æ¤j¤Î·s¦Ë®v°|µ¥³o¨Ç¤j±M°|®Õªº¸gÅç¡A¡vÅU¦Ñ®v¦³¨Ç·P´n¡A¡uÂ÷¶}±Ð«Ç®É¡A±`±`¬O§Ú¦Û¤v¦bÃö¡C¡v¤W¶g¥L¦bªÀ°Ï¤j¾Ç¤W½Ò¡]¨Ï¥Î½Y¥Û¤¤¾Ç±Ð«Ç¡^¡A²D²nªº©]¶¡¯Z¡A¤´¶}µÛ§N®ð¡F©ó¬O¥L¤W½Ò°µªº²Ä¤@¥ó¨Æ«K¬OÃö§N®ð¡AµM«á¶}µ¡¡C¡u³o¨Ç³£¬O§A²{¦b´NÀH¤â¥i°µªº¤p¨Æ¡A¾i¦¨²ßºD¡A´N¬OÀô«O­«­nªº²Ä¤@¨B¡C¡v

¡u¨ä¦¸¡A§A¥i¥H¨ó§U´î¤Ö»s³y¼o®ð»P¦¾¬V¡A ¨Ò¦p¤Ö·f­¸¾÷¡C­¸¦æ¨ì¯Ã¬ù¤@½ë³æµ{©Ò²£¥Íªº¼o®ð¤Î¦Ã¬V´N¬Û·í©ó¶}¨®¤@¦~©Ò³y¦¨ªº¶Ë®`¡C ¯S§O¬O¦]¬°­¸¦æ°ª«×¦Ó¹ï¯ä®ñ¼hª½±µ³y¦¨¯}Ãa¡C¥Ø«eªº·G»ù¾÷²¼Ävª§¹ªÀy¤F¤ñ¥H«e§ó¦hªº­¸¦æ¤H¦¸¡]¤­¦~«e¼Ú¬w¬ù¦³¤­®a·G»ù¯èªÅ¤½¥q¡A¦p¤µ«h¦³¥|¤Q®a¡^¡C­»´ä¥Ø«e¦³¤@®a¯èªÅ¤½¥qÅý§A¥uªá¤@¦Ê¬üª÷¡]¥x¹ô¬ù¤T¤d¤T¦Ê¤¸¡^´N¥i¥H­¸­Û´°¡C³o¼Ëªº¹ªÀy­¸¦æ¨ä¹ê¹ï¦a²y¦Ã¬V´Ý®`«Ü¤j¡C¦]¦¹­pµe®È¹C®É¡A§A¥i¥H»P®aªø°Ó¶q¬Ý¬Ý¡A¤£¤@©w­n±`±`·f­¸¾÷»·¦æ¡A¥xÆW¥»¦a´N¦³³\¦h­È±oª±½àªº¦a¤è°Ú! ¥t¥~¡A¤W¤U¾Ç®É¦w±Æ»P¦P¾Ç¾F©~¦@­¼¡A´î¤Ö¨®½ø¦æ¾pªº¼o®ð¡C¥ú´_¸ô¤W¦b¤W¤U¯Z®É¶¡¶ëº¡¤F¨®¡A¦ý¨®¤º³q±`¥u¦³¾r¾p¤@­Ó¤H¡A¦@­¼«Ü©úÅ㪺ÁÙ¤£¬O¤@­Ó±`ºA¡C·íµM³o·|»Ý­n¦w±Æ¡B»Ý­n·¾³q¡A¤]·|¦³¨Ç¤£¤è«K¡A¦ý«o¥i¥H´î¤Ö¨®¦¸¡CÁÙ¦³¡A¦bµ¥¬õ¿O®É¡A­Y®É¶¡Åã¥Ü¶·µ¥¶W¹L¤@¤ÀÄÁ®É¡A«Øij§A©Î¬O®a¤Hº¶¤õµ¥«Ý¡Cµ¥¨ì³Ì«á´X¬íÄÁ¦Aµo°Ê¡A¬J¬Ùªo¡B¤S´î¤Ö¦Ã¬V¡C¡vÅU¦Ñ®v¦³¤@¦ì¥xÆW¤Í¤H¡A¤£©âµÒ¡A¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡°·±d¡A«o¦b³Ìªñ¦]ªÍÀù¦Ó¦­³u¡A¤¸¥û´N¬O¼o®ð¤Î¤G¤âµÒ¡C¦Ó¥t¥~¨â¦ì¥~°êªB¤Í¡A¦b¥xÆW«Ý¤F´X¦~¤§«áªð¶m¡A¨­ÅéÀˬd®É§¡³QÂå¥Íµo²{²§ª¬¡A¦Ó³Q¸ß°Ý¡u©âµÒ¦h¤[¤F¡v¡A¿ò¾Ñªº¬O¡A³o¨â­Ó¤Í¤H³£¤£©âµÒ¡IªÍ³¡¿n¤Uªº¦¾¬V¬O¦b¥x¥_³£·|°Ï©~¦í¡B¤W¤U¯Z¤Î³ß·R¤á¥~ºC¶]ªºµ²ªG¡C³o¼ËªºÅå¤H¨Æ¹ê¡A§óÅý¥L²`ıªÅ®ð¦Ã¬V¤§ÄY­««áªG¡C¡u¦pªG§A¸ò¦b¤½¨®«á­±¡A¤@¤Ñ¤U¨Ó§l¤Jªº¼o®ð¶qµ¥©ó©â¤F¤­¨ì¤Q®Ú­»·Ï¡C¡v±Ð©]¶¡¯Zªº½Òµ{¡A¨Ï±oÅU¦Ñ®v¸g±`¥²¶·¦b¤U¯Z¥æ³q¬y¶qÄA®p®É¶¡¥Xªù¡C¦pªG¥¼À¹¤f¸n¦Ó¦b¨®¸s¤¤µ¥«Ý¬õ¿O¡AÅU¦Ñ®v·|¿ï¾Ü¦b¬õ¿O«e20¤½¤Ø°±¤U¨Ó¡AÁקK¸m¨­©ó°ª¦M®`ªº¼o®ðÄËÄˤ¤´Ý®`¦Û¤vªº°·±d¡C

¡u²Ä¤T¡A¸ÕµÛ¦h¥Î¸}½ñ¨®¥N¨B¡C¡v ¤£¹L·s¦Ë¥«¨S¦³¸}½ñ¨®±M¥Î¹D¡AÅU¦Ñ®vı±o¦b¤j°¨¸ô¤W¨®°}¤¤ÃM¸}½ñ¨®«D±`¦MÀI¡C¡u§Ú´¿¸g´N¦¹¨Æ¸ß°Ý·s¦Ë¥«¬F©²¡A¥«¬F©²¦^Âл¡¸}½ñ¨®±M¥Î¹D¦³¨â±ø¡A¤@¦b¦Ë¥_¡A¤@¦b«n¼d¡A¦ý³o¨Ç¬O¥ð¶¢¥Îªº¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¥X¥~¬¢¤½¿ì¨Æ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îªº¡B¥«°Ï¤j°¨¸ô¤Wªº¸}½ñ¨®¹D¡I¦b§Úªº®a¶m¶ø¦a§Qªººû¤]¯Ç¡A¸}½ñ¨®¥i¥HÃM¨ì¥ô¦ó¤@­Ó¬F©²³æ¦ì¿ì¤½«Ç¡A³q¦æµLªý¡A¦b¼Ú¬w³\¦h°ê®a¬ÒµM¡C²üÄõ¬F©²¬Æ¦Ü´£¨Ñ¦³¤½¦@¸}½ñ¨®¨Ñ¥Á²³¨Ï¥Î¡A¥H¹ªÀyÀô«O¡C³o¼Ë¤~¬O¤@­ÓÀô«Oªº¤jÀô¹Ò¡C¡vÅU¦Ñ®v§Æ±æ¦³¤@¤Ñ¦b·s¦Ë¥«¤]¯à¬Ý¨ì³W¹º§¹¾ã¡A¤è«K¤S¦w¥þªº¸}½ñ¨®¹D¡C

¦bÀô«O°ÝÃD¤W±z¸I¨ì¹L¤°»ò¼Ëªº§xÃø¡B¬D¾Ô¡H±z¤S¦p¦ó¦]À³¡H

ÅU¦Ñ®v¦^¾Ð¦b¥x«n¡B¥x¤¤¤Î·s¦Ë±Ð®Ñ´Á¶¡¡A³£¤@ª½­P¤O©óÀô«O¹B°Ê¡A§xÃø¶Õ¥²Ãø§K¡C¦ý¨C¤@¦¸À³¹ï¤è¦¡©¹©¹¦]¦a¨î©y¦Ó¤£ºÉ¬Û¦P¡A¤£Åܪº¬O°í«ù»P­@¤ß¡A¤£¹F¥Øªº«K¤£»´¨¥©ñ±ó¡CªÅ®ð¦Ã¬V¬OÅU¦Ñ®v¯S§O­«µøªº°ÝÃD¡AÅU¦Ñ®v³Ì±`ª`·Nªº¬O¼o®ð¡B·Ï®`¡A¨Ò¦p·í¦~¥x«n¿N¼o¾ó½¦³y¦¨ªºÄY­«ªÅ®ð¦Ã¬V¡A¥H¤Î·s¦Ë°Êª«¶éÅS¤Ñ¿N©U§£³y¦¨ªºªÅ®ð¦Ã¬Vµ¥¡C¡u¹³³o¼Ëªº¦¾¬V¬O¬Ý±o¨£ªº¡A¦]¦¹§Ú·|°lÂܨ췽ÀY¦Ó¤©¥HÁ|µo¡C«Ü¿ò¾Ñªº¡A¦³¨Ç¦Ã¬V¬O¬Ý¤£¨£ªº¡AµL¦âµL¨ý¡A¤ñ¦p¬ì¾Ç¶é°Ï¦³¨Ç¤u¼t±Æ¥Xªº¼o®ðµ¥¡AÁöµM©Ï®`°·±d¡A¦ý¦]¬°¬Ý¤£¨£¡AµLªk°lÂÜ¡B´ú¶q©ÎÁ|ÃÒ¡A©Ò¥H§Ú¤]µLªkÁ|µo¡C¡v¥L·|¥ý¤F¸Ñ¦Ã¬Vªº­ì¦]¡A§ä¥X¸o»íº×­º¡AµM«á¥ý¹Á¸Õ»P¨ä·¾³q¡C¥H·s¦Ë°Êª«¶é¬°¨Ò¡A¸Ó¦¸¦Ã¬Vµo¥Í¦b¬ù¤Q¦~«e¡A·í®ÉÁÙ¤W¤F³ø¡C·s¦Ë°Êª«¶é·í®É³B²z©U§£¤è¦¡¤@¦V¬OÅS¤Ñ¿U¿N¡A¦b¾aªñÅé¨|³õªº¤è¦VµI¿N¡C¡u§Ú·í®É±`¦b¥æ¤j¨¬²y³õ½ð¨¬²y¡A¦]¦¹¬P´Á¤Ñ¸g±`¦b¦p¯Q¶³¤@¯ëªºº©¤Ñ¶Â·Ï±µªñ¤WªÅ®É¡A§Ú¥Î»ó¤l´N¥i¥H»D¥X¨Ó¡C¡vÅU¦Ñ®v©êµÛ¨¬²y·í³õ´N½Àð¨ì°Êª«¶é¡Aª½ÅX¿ì¤½«Ç­n¨D¥ß¨è¨£­t³d¤H¡A§ÜijµI¿Nªº¶Â·Ï´Ý®`¤è¶ê¨â¡B¤T¤½¨½ªº¥Á²³¡C·í®É¶éªø¤£¦b¡A¥ô°ÈµLªk¹F¦¨¡F«´¦Ó¤£±ËªºÅU¦Ñ®v¦A¥´¹q¸Ü§ä¨ì¤F¶éªø¡A©ú¥Õ§iª¾ÅS¤Ñ¿N©U§£¤§¤£§´¡Cµ²ªG°Êª«¶é¤´Ä~ÄòµI¿N¡A¦A¤@¦¸ªºÅU¦Ñ®v¤S¥´¹q¸Ü§Üij¡A¤´µL¤U¤å¡C©¯¦Ó¤¤°ê®É³ø¦³¦ì¼ï°ê¥¿°OªÌ¥ý¥Í¡A²`ª¾Àô«O¤§­«­n¡AÄ@·N´£¨Ñª©­±±N¦¹¨Æ©ÜÅS¥X¨Ó¡A¦]¦¹¦¹¨Æ²×©óÀò±o¥¿µø¡C¡u§Ú»y±a«Â¯Ùªº§i¶D¶éªø¡A¦pªG¦A¤£°±¤î¡A§Ú·|±aÀY¤Wµó§Üij!¡vÅU¦Ñ®v¯ºµÛ¦^¾Ð·í®É±¡´º¡C·s¦Ë°Êª«¶é±q¦¹¤£¦AÅS¤ÑµI¿N©U§£¡A¦Ó·s¦Ë¥«¥Áªº°·±d¦]¦¹¨ü¨ì«O»Ù¡C¡u³o´N¬O§Ú°µ¨Æªº¤è¦¡¡G·íµo²{°ÝÃDªº®É­Ô¡A§Ú·|§ä¥Xº×­º¡A¥ý¸ÕµÛ·¾³q¡A­Y·¾³q¸I¾À¡A«h§Ú·|´M¨D¨ä¥LºÞ¹D¡A³q±`´N­É§U´CÅ骺¤O¶q¡C§ÚªºªB¤Í -- ¤¤°ê®É³øªº¼ï°ê¥¿°OªÌ´N³ø¾É¤F¦Ü¤Ö¤G¤Q¦¸Àô«Oªº°ÝÃD¡A¤Þ°_ªÀ·|ªºª`·N¨Ã¨ó§U¸Ñ¨M¡C¡v³o¼Ëªºµ{§Ç±`±`¥i¥H¦³²z·Qªºµ²ªG¡A¤½®`¦Ã¬V±o¥H®ø°£¡C¡u¦³ªº®É­Ô§Ú·|´M¨D¬F©²³æ¦ìªº¨ó§U¡v¡AÅU¦Ñ®vÁÙ«O¦sµÛ¥«¬F©²¦U¬ÛÃö³æ¦ìµ¹¥Lªº¦^ÂФ½¤å¡A«Ü¿ò¾Ñªº»¡¡A³o¼ËªººÞ¹D¡A¦]¬°ºØºØ­ì¦]¡A¡u±`±`¤Ï¦Ó±o¤£¨ì²z·Qªºµ²ªG¡C¡v·í´CÅé»P¥Ó¶DÂù­«ºÞ¹D³£µL®Äªº®É­Ô©O¡H¡uThen I¡¦m at my wit¡¦s end¡v¡AµLªk¸¹¥l¸s²³¤WµóÀY¡A¬°¦Û¤vªº°·±dÅv¯q¦Ó§Üª§¡A¡u§Ú¤]¥u¯à©ñ±ó¤F¡C¡v«æ¤½¦n¸qªºÀô«O­^¶¯¡A¤]¦³¥LªºµL¤O·P»PµL©`¡C

¤£±o¤£©ñ±ó®É¡A±z¬O¤°»ò¼Ëªºªº¤ß±¡¡H

¡uI don¡¦t give up completely¡v¡AÅU¦Ñ®v»y®ð°í©w¡C¡u§Ú·Qªº¬O¡G¦n§a¡A³o¥ó¨Æ¼È®ÉµLªk§ïÅÜ¡A¨º»ò§Ú­Ì¥ý¨ÓÃö¤ß§Oªº°ÝÃD¡C¡v¡uIf this doesn¡¦t work, I¡¦ll find another cause worthy of my time and energy, in other words, worth fighting for.¡v ¹L¥h³o¨Ç¦~¡A¦¨¥\ªº®É­Ô¦hÁÙ¬O©ñ±óªº®É­Ô¦h©O¡H¡u¾ãÅé¦Ó¨¥¡A§Úı±o¦¨¥\ªº®É­ÔÁÙ¬O¤ñ¸û¦h¡C¡vÅU¦Ñ®vµu¼È¦^·Q¤§«á¡A±aµÛªY¼¢ªº»¡¡A³o´N¬O¥L·|¯d¤U¨ÓÄ~Äò¬°·s¦Ë¦b¦aÀô«O°ÝÃD¾Ä°«ªº­ì¦]¡C¡u¨S¦³µ²ªGªº®É­Ô¡A¦³ªº¤H¤]³\·|·Q¡Aºâ¤F§a¡A¥´¥]¨«¤HÂ÷¶}§a¡I¦ý¬O§A¥²¶·¿n·¥¥¿­±ªº¥h«ä¦Ò¡A©ê«ù§Æ±æ¡A¤F¸Ñ¨ì¥u»Ý­n­@¤ßµ¥«Ý¡AÁ`¦³¤@¤Ñ±¡ªp·|§ïµ½ªº¡C¡v

¬°Àô«O¾Ä°«¦h¦~¡A±zı±o³Ì¤Þ¥H¬°¶Æªº¦¨´N¡H

¡u¨ä¹ê§Ú¨Ã¤£Ä±±o¦³¤°»ò­È±oź¶Æ¡C¦Ü©ó¦¨´N¡A¤H­Ì¯àÅ¥¶i¥h§ÚªºÀô«O«Øij¦Ó§ïÅܶ¼­¹²ßºD¡A§ï¶}¤p¨®¡A¶}©l¥H¸}½ñ¨®¥N¨B¡A³o¨Ç¤p¨Æ³£Åý§Ú¶}¤ß¡A¦ý¤£¬Oź¶Æ¡C¡v

«á°O

³X°Ýµ²§ô¤§«á¡A¤Q¤@¤ë¤K¤é¦¬¨ìÅU¦Ñ®v¨Ó¨ç¡G

Àô«Oªº¸ô¦ü¥GÁ٫ܪø¡C¬Q±ß§øªø§i¶D§Ú¥»¦a¤ô¼t§âÄêªd­Ë¶i§ø¤l«á­±ªº¤s·¾¸Ì--¤S¬O¤@¥óÀô¹Ò¦¾¬Vªº°ÝÃD¡C©ú¤Ñ§Ú·|»P¾F©~¤@¦P¥h¹ê¦a°É¬d¡A¦A¨M©w¦p¦ó±Ä¨ú¦æ°Ê¡C ¨ä¹ê¨â¦~«e§Ú«K´¿¸gª½Âô¬ÛÃö¥DºÞ³æ¦ìªº¿ì¤½«Ç¡AÀËÁ|¤ô¼t¹ï¦¾¤ô¤Î¼o±óª«ªº¯ó²v³B²z¤è¦¡¡A¬Ý¨Ó¦ü¥G®ÄªG¤£¹ü¡K¡CÁÂÁ¤j®a¹ï§Ú­Ì·s¦ËÀô¹ÒªºÃö¤ß¡A§A­Ìªº¤ä«ù¡A¹ªÀy§Ú¦AÄ~Äò¬°Àô«O¦Ó¾Ä°«¡C

ÅU§·¦ö 11-08-2006

¡@

¡@

¡@

Interview with Max Gufler

By Tiffany Kuo, 12A and Natalie Lin, 12A

Introduction

“M¡§Most foreigners stay for a year or two and leave. People think I¡¦m crazy, but I want to stay in Taiwan for the rest of my life.¡¨ Austrian-born Max Gufler came to Taiwan in 1967 as a missionary. To him, this was probably the best ¡§mistake¡¨ he made in his life. 
Having studied psychology and philosophy in college, Max originally set out for Taiwan because he was interested in the funny looking Chinese characters. When he saw the polluted environment in Taiwan, his strong sense of justice led him to write letters to the government, offering suggestions on how to improve the society. When he received no response, Max started posting articles in the newspaper, thus began his environmentalist career. 

Moving in and out of Taiwan
Max has packed up and left Taiwan many times, either being requested because of the visa policy or on his own account because he can not stand the pollution. Many times, the Taiwan government might have developed the impression that he was going against them, but in reality, Max was just trying to help. During the periods in which he was away, Max gave speeches in Austria, promoting the enthusiasm in helping Taiwan¡¦s awful pollution. Max has always believed that there is something worth fighting for, and that Taiwan is a place where he can make a difference. 
A feeling of homesickness washes over him every time he is forced to leave and so Max does everything he can to fight his way back to Taiwan. The sub-tropical climate is not the only thing that causes his constant return; Max loves Taiwan for many other reasons, including the wide variety of fresh fruits that he claims to be the best in the world; the helpful, hard-working, even over-friendly people are willing to work seven days a week, something that will never be seen in Austria; deferential and eager students; and the easy access to libraries, which he has a habit of visiting every day. Another reason Max loves Taiwan is because he believes that he is ¡§Taiwanese.¡¨ ¡§I believe in reincarnation.¡¨ he says. Max¡¦s belief that he was Chinese in his last life was confirmed years ago by an unexpected comment a little Russian girl made. The little girl looked at Max and called him the ¡§man with the Chinese eyes,¡¨ a touching experience for Max. Max feels that people here don¡¦t see him as a foreigner; they see him as Taiwanese, and likewise, Max feels that Taiwan is his home. 

Max¡¦s Fight for our Environment
Max, an avid reader, spends much of his spare time in the nearby libraries of the Tsing Hua and Chiao Tung Universities. Through this wide exposure to knowledge, Max quickly realized that if we don¡¦t change, and do something before it¡¦s too late, things will only get worse. His non-smoking friends, after living in Taipei for a year or so, have been questioned by their doctors who wondered if they had been smoking; their lungs were so black that they looked like chimney sweeper¡¦s lungs. Max expressed his outrage at such fate, only to have to narrow the culprit down to the pollution to which his friends were exposed. Another time, Max saw that the Hsinchu City Zoo was burning their waste in the open, giving off thick, black smoke. He jumped the fence into the zoo and demanded that they stop. When he realized that no actions were taken, he sought help from his friend, Mr. Pan Kuo-Cheng, an environment-aware reporter of the Chinatimes, to publicize the severity of the situation and to seek public attention. As the result, the Hsinchu Zoo stopped burning waste in the open, the health of the Hsinchu citizens was protected, and Max was very thankful for his friend, who has helped post over 20 articles in the newspaper to advocate environmentalism since. 
Max¡¦s headache from the government¡¦s lack of enthusiasm in responding to his environmental concerns has discouraged him many times, but has also encouraged him to press on with his work. Although Max has written many letters of complaint to the government, his voice and his suggestions are usually ignored, disregarded as unimportant or dealt with in perfunctory manners. For example, he suggested that Hsinchu should have bike lanes like in Europe for daily transportation, but the government simply responded that there were already two recreational bike paths ¡V in Nan-liao and Chu-bei respectively. Max, through teaching at colleges, realized that the students weren¡¦t any better; they just sat back and accepted everything thrown at them. He lamented over the fact that nobody was willing to stand up and fight. However, these setbacks have only forced Max to fight harder for his cause.
¡@¡@
What We Can Do
Because he often finds empty classrooms with the lights on and air conditioning running, Max strongly emphasizes the importance of saving energy. ¡§The pollution is only going to get worse if we don¡¦t save energy!¡¨ Max exclaims. 
Another way students can help is to promote the use of carpooling. ¡§Why do I always see one person per car on Kuang-Fu Road? No wonder there are always traffic congestions!¡¨ He also advises students to tell their parents to turn off the car engine when waiting over a minute for a red light. Max understands that people like to take vacations in glamorous places such as France or Bali, but he discourages such traveling. Facts have proven that the pollution given off by an airplane traveling from Taiwan to New York is equivalent to the amount of pollution a car gives off in one year. Also, at such altitude, the harmful gases that the airplanes give off destroy the ozone layer at a faster rate. 
Max strongly believes that people should become vegetarians because of health and environmental reasons. Raising animals wastes a lot of energy and, believe it or not, can pollute our environment. In New Zealand, where many sheep are raised, the sheep ¡§eat grass, burp, and fart.¡¨ The amount of methane gas produced as a result of raising animals was so large that the New Zealand government, after finding out that the gas was harming the ozone layer, even proposed to tax the farmers for polluting the air last year. 

Conclusion
Though Max has felt helpless in countless situations, he is content over the cases that he has won. ¡§It¡¦s the little victories in life that bring joy,¡¨ he says. Max believes that if he were to live his life over again, he wouldn¡¦t change anything. ¡§Everything is meant to be and I am satisfied,¡¨ he smiles. He faces his life with a positive attitude, not only by helping our environment, but also by promoting yoga, aerobic exercise, and weightlifting. His classes are not the typical boring lecture. ¡§I teach the whole package- a way of life, not just exercises,¡¨ he says. Max only wishes that we will do our part in helping both him and ourselves to save the Taiwan that he loves. 

 ¡¶TOP

¡@

¡@
¡@
¡@ ¡@ ¡@
¡@